Fundamentals:
Today we all have access to computers and use it daily in various fields and environment. Also, with home computers there are many software which suite various levels of skills and experience of the users. There are also many forms of Computers ranging from large and sophisticated computers for professionals to simple desktops and family-use portable computers, to iPads and smartphone, all use applications designed to help users to fulfill their specific needs. With these computers there are billions using the internet to connect to social networks through many software applications as facebook, twitter, linkdl, as examples. All these gadgets with its software passed through number of stages in order to be realized in its present form. Each started as an idea and evolved through sequence of iterative process to finally become in the shape and form we are using now. With this view we can distinguish between two main categories of software such as Computer applications, and Information systems
Computer applications:
Computer application is a set of instructions stored in the computer that when executed it carry out specific function or set of related functions. MS office, facebook, Autocad are all few examples.
Information systems:
Is a set of interrelated computer components with number of applications that collect, process, store, and transmit data and information to make it available to those who need to use it. Information system also includes manual processes that interface with computer applications. Then if a company uses a database application to store and update its customer data, and connect this application with the facebook (application) to collect information about customers social networks and also has an application to generate reports to be distributed manually for its departments, these arrangements become information system.
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Building new system or modifying an exiting one needs change in people and procedures. This change can be carried out in steps or in one shot. This change needs planing a head of time and requires team preparation through training and education. It is like any long journey

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Information in business environment:
Any business organization relies heavily on information. Information becomes essential to managers and operating personnel in decision making and in solving all work related problems. It becomes a clear fact now that the importance of information in any production or service organization exceeds those of any of other corporate resources, as materials, energy, and money. This is simply because without information we cannot manage any of these resources. Information is highly needed in hospitals, schools, in factories, in public utilities, in transportation, just to mention a few. Organizations feed on information to produce goods or service. Every level of management requires specific form of information suitable to be used in taking effective decisions. This is only accomplished if the information is disseminated through the right channel, to be available to the right person, in the right form and at the right time. Information concept stemmed from data processing era. We realized the importance of information after this large accumulation of processed data within human activity environment. Using computers in data processing depends on the amount and the sophistication required, but disseminating and controlling this processed data depend heavily on the manual system and human machine interface Systems analysis, as performed by systems analysts, seeks to understand what people need to analyze, store, transform needed data and systemically produce information in the context of the organization, and design ways to make these information available in a useful form to those who need to use it.

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System Analysis and Design:
System analysis and design are concerned with the investigation of an organization and the design and implementation of a computerized solution to that organization needs. To analyze a system is to identify its components (devices, people, rules and procedures) and their interrelationships in order to determine its objectives, requirements, and priorities. The analyst must find ways of representing organization as a whole system, taking into consideration any economic behavioral and technical constraints. To know more about systems analyst job from the internet click here. and visit the international institute of business analysis(IIBa).